Based on the provincial panel data of China from 2000 to 2017, this paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system of high-quality economic development level to evaluate the China’s high-quality economic development level. Using standard deviation ellipse, dagum Gini coefficient, Moran’s I index and other spatial statistical methods, this paper reveals the spatial non-equilibrium characteristics, regional disparity and spatial correlation of China’s high-quality economic development level, Kernel density estimation and spatial Markov chain are used to investigate the dynamic evolution characteristics.The findings are as follows: (1) China’s high-quality economic development level is on the rise, and the overall spatial distribution is “high in the south, low in the north”, “high in the east and low in the west”. (2) There are regional gaps and spatial correlations in the China’s high-quality economic development level. The contribution rate of the gaps between regions is the largest. Most provinces are located in high-high agglomeration and low-low agglomeration areas. (3) The overall China’s high-quality economic development level has a “multi-polarization” phenomenon, and the development level of eight major regions shows the characteristics of “polarization”. (4) Without taking into account the spatial factors, the probability of upward transfer in low-level provinces is higher than that in medium-high-level and high-level provinces. When considering spatial factors, being “neighbors” with high-level provinces can improve the upward transfer probability of low-level provinces, and low-level “neighbors” inhibit the transfer of low-level provinces to higher levels