In this paper, 30 offshore engineering equipment manufacturers were selected for the research, and the environmental regulation patterns affecting the technological innovation of marine enterprises were explored from the four aspects of command-controlled environmental regulation, market-incentive environmental regulation, voluntary environmental regulation and recessive environmental regulation, using fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis. The study found that there are two configuration solutions that can produce high technological innovation performance and two configuration solutions that lead to non-high technological innovation performance. There is a potential substitutional relationship between voluntary and recessive environmental regulation. High-strength market-incentive environmental regulation plays a leading role in technological innovation of marine enterprises, and high-strength command-controlled environmental regulation has a certain inhibitory effect. The conclusion of this paper can provide decision-making reference for making diversified environmental regulation system and promoting technological innovation of marine enterprises.