Based on the sample of Chinese A-share non-financial listed companies data from 2010 to 2020, this paper studies the impact of corporate strategy on social responsibility performance. The result of empirical test shows that compared with defenders; prospectors engage in more socially responsible activities. Specifically, this paper proves that when prospectors face more resource requirements, they significantly more engage in social responsibility activities to meet their own resource demands such as financial resources demand, human resources demand, and reputation resources demand. What’s more, the results are still robust after using alternative measures of key variables, quantile regression, fixed-effect regression, instrumental variable method and Heckman two-stage method. This paper incorporates corporate strategy into the research framework of firms’ corporate social responsibility performance from the perspective of resource acquisition, which enriches the research in these two fields and provided new empirical evidence for exploring the motivation of corporates to engage in social responsibility activities.