Starting from the “Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Building a More Perfect System and Mechanism of Market-based Allocation of Factors”, this paper explores how to give full play to the decisive role of market allocation of resources, improve the efficiency of resource allocation and promote economic development from the perspective of mirco enterprise. Taking multi-cases of Haier Financial Holdings as the object of study, this paper analyzes its process of resource allocation and value creation in detail. This paper finds that the formation process of an enterprise is a process of resource allocation, the value ecosystem based on the formation of factor capital broadens the boundary of an enterprise. Enterprise is the integration of material capital, intellectual capital and social capital, the essence of an enterprise is the allocation of heterogeneous capital, and first-class capital and first-class allocation are the key for an enterprise to obtain competitiveness. The traditional enterprise theory is bound to break the organizational boundary in factor allocation. The enterprise theory from the perspective of factor allocation will promote the development of enterprise theory and provide new ideas for enterprises to break the market barrier and improve the efficiency of capital allocation.