This study analyzes spatial-temporal evolution of China international scientific collaboration network. The results show that the distribution of collaborator countries is high concentrated and the spatial distribution presents a core-periphery structure. Based on the concentration degree of discipline structure, the main cooperative countries can be divided into five groups. Using negative binomial regression model, we further explore the significance of multidimensional proximity in facilitating international scientific collaboration. The results show that geographical distance and institutional distance have impedance effects, while social proximity presents significant positive effects. Cognitive proximity is also beneficial to scientific collaboration, but the phenomenon of “cognitive locking” exists. In addition, the importance of proximity reports significant inter-disciplinary differences.