Industrial synergistic agglomeration has an important impact on promoting industrial integration and regional economic development. This paper firstly measures the synergistic agglomeration of manufacturing and logistics industries in the new western land-sea corridor. The results show that, overall, the synergistic agglomeration level of manufacturing and logistics industries in the western land-sea new corridor has declined during the study period, but has rebounded slightly in recent years. Then, an econometric model is constructed to explore the main factors that affect the synergistic agglomeration of manufacturing and logistics industries. The conclusion shows that infrastructure construction, governmental intervention, special economic zone construction, informatization level, city scale, human capital, and economic development level all significantly affect the synergistic agglomeration of industry, but show heterogeneity and dynamic adjustment. Finally, based on the research conclusions, the main breakthrough paths to further enhance the synergistic agglomeration of manufacturing and logistics industries in the new western land-sea corridor are put forward: improve the transportation infrastructure and logistics system, optimize government intervention and development zone construction, strengthen human capital and informatization applications, and improve urban scale and development level of urban agglomerations.