As China has built a moderately prosperous society, poverty governance has gradually shifted to consolidating the current achievements in poverty alleviation and establishing a long-term mechanism to address relative poverty, of which industrial development is a key task. Taking Yunlong County, a former national poor county as a case study, this paper analyzes a large amount of county-level data and finds that in the process of poverty alleviation, this county has seen rapid growth in GDP and per capita income, and significant improvements in compulsory education, basic medical care, and infrastructure, which have laid a solid foundation for its industrial development. However, there is a serious imbalance between the industry and employment structure of the county: nearly 80% of the employed population is distributed in the primary industry, which creates less than 20% of the GDP; meanwhile, the secondary and tertiary industries create most of the GDP, but the ability to drive local employment is insufficient. We find that this is also a common problem in poor ethnic areas. This study emphasizes that in the future adjustment of industrial structure, counties that are no longer in poverty should concentrate more on the driving effect of industrial development on local employment and the optimization of employment structure.