As an important builder of “the Belt and Road” initiative, while the scale of Chinese overseas workers is expanding day by day, they also face many social security risks, including the double contribution to social security, the payment obstacle of social security benefit and the double absence of social security. These three kinds of social security risks not only seriously damage the social security rights and interests of “the Belt and Road” overseas workers of China, but also significantly affect the international competitiveness of Chinese multinational enterprises, it will also lead to the financial imbalance of China’s social security fund, which is harmful for the further progress of “the Belt and Road" initiative. Therefore, we should establish the basic idea of government leading and multi-party participation, and take measures such as carry out the international cooperation of social security, establish a voluntary social insurance program, participate in the global governance of overseas workers actively, and giving full play to the subjective initiative of multinational enterprises and overseas workers etc., thus effectively solve the social security risks of “the Belt and Road”overseas workers of China and promote the high quality development of the “the Belt and Road” initiative.