Based on CFPS，this paper attempts to analyze the impact of natural disasters on the non-agricultural entrepreneurial behavior of rural households and provides a unique perspective to understand farmer entrepreneurship. The study found that farmers have not tended to start new businesses because of natural disasters. On the contrary, natural disasters reduce the possibility of non-agricultural entrepreneurship. Heterogeneity analysis found that natural disasters have stronger negative effects on female-led decision-making farmers, low-income farmers, and farmers’ in the central and western regions. The mechanisms test show that natural disasters impact farmer entrepreneurship from three dimensions of economy, society, and psychology, and the corresponding five channels includes the income effect, credit effect, social capital effect, risk preference effect and self-confidence effect. This study means that natural disasters have not been transformed from curses into blessings that inspire farmers to engage in non-agricultural entrepreneurship. It is necessary to pay more attention and strengthen the prevention and response to natural disasters.