To promote farmers ‘sense of well-being is the fundamental goal of rural social and economic development. This paper expounds the mechanism of the impact of social economic security and political trust on farmers’ multi-level well-being and using 972 micro-social survey data in Gansu and Ningxia empirically tests the effects of social economic security and political trust on farmers ’multi-level happiness status and multi-level happiness index. The results show that the factors of social economic security and political trust play an active role in farmers’ multi-level happiness, The factors of social economic security and political trust have significant positive effects on the multi-level happiness index of farmers. This paper further confirms that political trust has a moderating effect on the social and economic security affecting the multi-level happiness of farmers, the higher level of farmers’ political trust is, the stronger the multi-level happiness of farmers will be brought by social and economic security. The conclusion of this paper is helpful to promote the rural revitalization in the new era and improve the well-being of farmers to provide new ideas.