Based on China’s provincial governments panel data from 2008 to 2020, this paper empirically examines the impact of digital economy development on local government public service efficiency promotion on the basis of measuring the development level of digital economy and local government public service efficiency. The research shows that digital economy development has a significant promoting effect on local government public service efficiency, and there is regional heterogeneity. Digital economy development plays an important role in promoting local government public service efficiency through such mechanisms as technology effect and human capital effect.