This paper constructs a panel model to conduct an empirical analysis on the influence of social responsibility on the commercial bank risk-taking and its mechanism with the annual data of 32 listed banks in China from 2010 to 2020.The research shows that: (1) Social responsibility has an inhibitory effect on the commercial bank risk-taking,with the improvement of the bank’s social responsibility fulfillment will reduce the bank risk-taking level.Compared with state-owned banks and urban rural commercial banks,fulfilling social responsibility has a greater inhibition on the risk-taking of joint-stock banks.(2) Related party transactions, loan concentration and green credit play an intermediary role in the relationship between social responsibility and bank risk-taking..(3) The enhancement of accounting information transparency will intensify the inhibition effect of fulfilling social responsibility on bank risk-taking,while the enhancement of credit rationing will weaken the inhibition effect.(4) Compared with employee responsibility and social responsibility, bank’s performance of shareholder responsibility, customer responsibility and environmental responsibility has a greater restraint on bank risk-taking.