This paper abstracts the evolution law, transform impetus and logic of governance from the history of governance development, and then carries out theoretical research on the Science and Technology (S&T) Governance with Chinese characteristics from general to special. The impetus of the Governance transformation comes from the interaction of S&T, industry and society. The fundamental reason is the fundamental change in the relationship between S&T and society. The industrialization of technology is the logical starting point of the adapting of S&T Governance. The basic goal of governance is to seek benefits and avoid disadvantages. In the S&T Governance, it is to improve human welfare and promote S&T for good. This determines the three main directions of the S&T Governance : innovation acceleration, empowerment acceleration and risk prevention. Under the changing of paradigm , the development of S&T is in a complex system, which requires systematic promotion of the S&T Governance. In response to the five major problems that need to be solved currently, China’s S&T Governance system needs to have at least four functions and correspondingly build four governance systems, and reshape the interest relationship of each subject through the new design and improvement of the operating mechanism and governance tools.