Based on the Asian Development Bank’s multi-regional input-output tables from 2000 to 2020, the pattern of China’s national economic external circulation since WTO accession is revealed from the three-dimensional perspectives of supply and demand structure, global value chain, and international network relations. The study finds that: (1) from the perspective of supply and demand structure, the share of China’s national economy external circulation is relatively low compared with other major countries in the world. (2) From the perspective of global value chains, China’s participation in global value chains has entered a downward path since the financial crisis in 2008, and this trend has not been reversed. Since its accession to the WTO, China’s position in the division of labor in global value chains may have weakened. (3) From the perspective of international network relations, China’s position and influence in the global supply and demand network has been steadily increasing, and in 2020, it is in the third position in the world after the United States and Germany, gradually “approaching the center of the world stage”. (4) China’s market constraints and “neck” risks have been reduced and dispersed as a whole. However, China may face import and export constraints from the United States in both directions.