China is in the critical stage of green transformation. How to reshape China’s spatial economic pattern and then positively feedback green transformation has become a major practical problem that needs to be considered and solved urgently. Under the framework of “4D”, this paper rediscovers and re-understands the reshaping of China’s spatial economic pattern by “first nature” and “second nature” in combination with the requirements of green transformation. The main reasons for China’s spatial diseconomies lie in the following aspects: the interaction between depopulation and overpopulation reduce energy efficiency and increase energy consumption intensity; spatial mismatch of resources such as land, energy, and water increase economic distance and intensify energy consumption; multiple divisions of nature, land, sea, urban-rural and region increase transaction costs and inhibit ecological efficiency; unique and diverse regional endowments are used inefficiently, resulting in “high carbon lock-in”. Therefore, under the goal of green transformation, this paper proposes that China should reshape the spatial economic pattern in terms of four main paths: growing smart and building a compact convection space; promoting the human, industry, city and energy to integrate and improving resource allocation efficiency; accelerating land, sea and air coordinated development and compressing spatial distance; giving full play to the advantages of resource endowments and creating a new pattern of green and low-carbon complementary development, respectively.