A comprehensive understanding of the influencing factors of the floating population’s intention for urban household registration and settlement is of great significance for the decision-making of China’s urbanization policies. Based on the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey, using random forest model and mean decrease impurity (MDI) method, this paper finds that the most crucial factors of intention for urban household registration and settlement are the hope that the floating population want to integrate into cities and the ability to live in cities. But in general, the impact of any single variable is quite limited, which indicates that the influencing factors are highly diversified. It implies that a systematic and comprehensive policy design is needed to promote the floating population to register urban household and settlement.