The adaptive choice of farmers in rural tourism communities is of great significance to promote the sustainable development of tourism industry, the construction of ecological and livable villages and the prosperity of farmers. This paper selects 10 characteristic tourism rural communities in the Henan area of Funiu Mountain as the research site. it connects the relationship between the rural tourism community ecosystem and the livelihood well-being of farmers from a micro perspective, constructs a livelihood adaptation response model of farmers’ “ecological dependence-livelihood well-being”, and further analyze the impact mechanism of the selection of the results of the rural tourism community farmers’ livelihood adaptation response. The results show that: (1）The development of rural tourism can break the traditional fixed livelihood model, and farmers can choose high ecological dependence to enhance their own profitability and anti-risk ability to achieve high livelihood and well-being development. (2）The change of man-land relationship is the fundamental factor of adaptive response of rural tourism community farmers, Farmers’ economic and social rational preferences are the internal thrust of different adaptive response choices.