As the future direction of social development after the industrial revolution, the impact of digital economy on employment structure is inevitable. Using the data from 2006 to 2020, this paper finds that the development of digital economy is beneficial to residents’ employment on the whole, but the size of this effect is significantly heterogeneous in different industries and regions in China. The current negative impact of digital economy on the job market is mainly caused by the absence of digital governance and public services. The research conclusion provides a reference for improving the public service system of resident employment in the digital age.