Unveiling and leading is an important lever for China to break through key core technology breakthroughs in the new era. This article, based on various methods such as text evidence based, questionnaire interviews, and case analysis, has obtained a large amount of first-hand and second-hand data. It is the first time to construct a goal behavior effect (GCE) theoretical analysis framework. It analyzes the implementation difficulties of China’s listing and listing system from three aspects: lack of strategic goals, alienation of subject behavior, and imperfect incentive and constraint mechanisms. Based on this, it proposes countermeasures and suggestions to promote the implementation of the listing and listing system.