An ecological evaluation system of sci-tech finance from two dimensions of “community subsystem” and “environment subsystem” was constructed in this paper. Using statistical data of Chinese 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government from 2008 to 2020, based on temporal and spatial range entropy weight method, measured the level of sci-tech financial ecosystem. Then the dynamic spatial Dubin model was used to empirically test the effect and mechanism of sci-tech financial ecosystem on economic resilience. The results show that the level of science and technology finance ecosystem has obvious spatial imbalance, which presents the characteristic of “high in the east and low in the west”. Due to the demonstration effect and economic correlation effect among provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government, economic resilience shows a significant positive spatial spillover effect. The technological innovation and industrial synergistic agglomeration effect produced by the sci-tech finance ecosystem have improved the economic resilience of local and spatially related areas on the whole. Based on the above research conclusions, this paper further puts forward policies to enhance regional economic resilience to provide reference for decision-making.