Carbon neutrality pathway selection is important for the coordination of economic growth and carbon reduction and energy consumption reduction, reducing energy transition costs, and preventing and controlling the strategic decision-making risks of carbon neutrality. This paper constructs an analytical framework for the choice and practice of carbon neutrality path from three dimensions: natural resource endowment and energy structure, industrialization and urbanization process, goal commitment and realization path, a comparative study of the United States, China, Germany, Russia and India, which is carried out to explore the effects of basic factors, development factors and behavioral factors on the choice of carbon neutrality pathway, based on the concept of community of human destiny, the countermeasures and suggestions of leading global carbon neutrality process in our country are put forward.