As a landmark project of “infrastructure connectivity” in “the Belt and Road” initiative, China-Europe Railway Express (CERE) has become an international strategic transport passage connecting Eurasia. Under three scenarios, this paper uses the Globe Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) to measure the impact of the opening of CERE on the industrial economy of typical countries along the route. The results show that: Firstly, the opening of CERE promotes macroeconomic development and increases export commodities of typical countries along the route. Secondly, the opening of CERE has little effect on promoting sectoral output, and there is still great potential for development. Thirdly, considering the interaction between the output of the capital goods sector and economic growth, this paper simulates the impact of the opening of CERE on the output of the capital goods sector in typical countries along the route and finds that CERE promotes the output of capital goods sector in typical countries along the route. Finally, the corresponding policy recommendations are put forward.