The combination of centennial change and the Covid-19 Pandemic has exposed the vulnerability of China’s global supply chain and seriously threatened China’s national industrial security. How to build a resilient global supply chain to withstand external challenges has become an urgent issue for China to address. The 20th CPC National Congress proposes to enhance the endogenous power and reliability of the large domestic circulation and improve the quality and level of the international circulation, which points out the path for building the resilience of China’s supply chain. This study starts from the new challenges, clarifies the new challenges of China’s supply chain resilience system construction at this stage, and further clarifies the closed-loop cycle path of supply chain resilience construction in the new development pattern of mutual promotion of domestic and international circulation. With the fundamental innovation as the general switch to form the “dynamic iteration” of the internal circulation supply chain resilience construction path, the “three forces coordination” as the source to promote the external circulation supply chain “four-in-one” resilience The “One Body, Two Wings” path is designed to realize the resilience construction of the double-loop linkage. According to the planning of the strategic path, we will design countermeasures and suggestions for building the resilience of Chinese supply chains from “top to bottom”, “left to right”, and “inside out”, and the Chinese scheme is deployed under the trend of global fragmentation to provide a security guarantee for Chinese-style modernization.