Alleviating relative poverty is the aspiration of the people and the direction of governance in the new era. Under the strategic background of comprehensively promoting rural revitalization and solidly promoting common prosperity, in order to prevent and resolve the risk of poverty-alleviated areas returning to poverty. Starting from the general idea of epistemic intension, targeting difficulties, promoting logic and path selection, this paper constructs a analysis framework of “economy-social-culture-technology” for relative poverty governance, and proposes a sustainable development path from the foundation of economic development to the coordination of social elements, endogenous power to exogenous power.