Based on the provincial panel data of China from 2015 to 2021, an index system was constructed to estimate the development level of China’s digital economy from the aspects of digital infrastructure, digital industrialization, industrial digitalization, and public service digitalization, and the impact of digital economy on China’s industrial carbon productivity was empirically-investigated from multiple perspectives such as direct effect, spatial spillover effect, regional heterogeneity, and mechanism path. The results show that digital economy has a positive effect on China’s industrial carbon productivity growth, with significant spatial spillover effect. Due to geographical location, economic and social development and other factors, the impact of digital economy on China’s industrial carbon productivity shows significant regional differences; While directly affecting China’s industrial carbon productivity, digital economy can also indirectly promote the improvement of industrial carbon productivity through green technology innovation and industrial structure upgrading. To give full play to the promoting effect of digital economy on China’s industrial carbon productivity and drive China’s industrial green and low-carbon transformation with the development of digital economy, it is necessary to consider the spatial characteristics and design the industrial low-carbon path. Mining digital application scenarios to help industrial green and low-carbon transformation development; improve the innovation incentive mechanism, enhance the level of industrial green and low-carbon innovation; We will implement the new development philosophy and promote high-quality development of the industrial economy.