Promoting the construction of the new rural energy system depends on the guarantee of the rural energy policy and legal system. Taking "safe and stable" and "green clean" as the concept of modern rural energy system, it is the key to solve the problem of rural energy. The China’s current rural energy policy and legal system was examined based on the concept of modern energy system. The finding includes uncoordinated system, insufficient operability, inadequate security for renewable energy, gaps in the rural energy universal service system, and non-systematic statistics. In order to implement the strategic plan of the 20th CPC National Congress on rural revitalization and energy security, it is necessary to improve the rural energy policy and legal system. Suggestions on improving the rural energy policy and legal system are given from the following five aspects, i.e., building a coordinated system with a uniform guiding ideology, encouraging investment by diverse market players in energy facilities by the system, establishing a reasonable system on gas pipeline network, improving the rural energy universal service norms, and perfecting the rural energy statistics system.