Digital infrastructure is the foundation of digital transformation of regional innovation ecosystem, and a key engine to drive regional green, low-carbon and intelligent development in the digital economy era. However, few studies have systematically revealed whether digital infrastructure development can effectively contribute to regional high-quality development from the city level and the weighted impact of regional digital innovation ecosystem environmental elements. This study constructs panel data of 279 prefecture-level cities in China from 2011-2018, empirically investigates the impact of digital infrastructure on regional high-quality development, and further examines the alignment effects of digital inclusive finance and digital human capital with digital infrastructure. The study finds that digital infrastructure can significantly contribute to regional high-quality development, with each standard unit increase in digital infrastructure construction leading to a 0.204 standard unit increase in the regional high-quality development index. Digital inclusive finance and digital human capital, as key environmental elements of the regional digital innovation ecosystem, have significant alignment effect on the value release of digital infrastructure. Further research finds that the enabling effect of digital infrastructure on high-quality development is more pronounced in the central and western regions. The findings provide theoretical and practical insights for accelerating the digital transformation of regional innovation ecosystems, strengthening the construction of digital inclusive financial system and digital human capital cultivation, and thus maximizing the effectiveness of digital infrastructure on innovation-driven regional high-quality development.