Regional pattern is the keynote, focus and difficulty of China’s macroeconomic regulation. With the increase of the consistency between population and economic, it has important theoretical value and practical significance to study the characteristics and trends of regional pattern changes in China using the data from the Seventh National People’s Congress. Research found that the changes in China’s population pattern have shown new characteristics. The evolution of regional pattern is influenced by factors such as marketization mechanism, transportation information accessibility, technological innovation vitality, geographical spatial distance, and government public goods. The regional pattern in China has shown four major trends, such as local polarization and overall coordination, an increase in shrinking regions and a decrease in expanding regions, a slowdown in rural-urban mobility and an increase in urban-urban mobility, close internal connections within major regional strategies and integration and development between major regional strategies. Targeted countermeasures and suggestions were proposed to promote the optimization of China’s regional pattern.