The digital economy has become an important lever for provinces and cities to achieve high-quality development. On the basis of figuring out that the digital economy promotes regional high-quality development, using the data from 2011 to 2020, this paper has demonstrated the influence of digital economy on regional high quality development. The result shows that the digital economy has played a role in promoting the overall high-quality regional development of the “bigger cake” effect, but the role of the “better distribution of the cake” effect of high-quality coordinated development among regions is weak during the sample period. There is heterogeneity in the high-quality regional development promoted by digital economy. The mechanism of high-quality regional development influenced by digital economy is to promote the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure and improve the level of regional R&D and innovation. The research conclusion provides a reference for utilizing the digital economy to achieve high-quality regional development.