This paper establishes a three-dimensional classification framework of economy, population, resources and environment, and divides counties into three categories: leading type, potential type and basic type. Among them, there are 187 leading counties, their future development is mainly limited by narrow spatial scope and low administrative level. Therefore, reform and innovation should be the core, and the autonomy and initiative of county development should be stimulated through power expansion and empowerment, and take the lead in achieving high-quality development. There are 687 potential counties, which mainly face problems such as premature and rapid industrialization, population outflow and capital outflow, weak economic regulation capacity, and inadequate role of development zones. In the future, we need to focus on strengthening our strengths, launching the two engines of new industrialization and urbanization, and fostering new growth points for county economies. There are 996 basic counties, which shoulder the important task of ensuring national food, ecology, energy and border security. They have sacrificed their right to development. Overall development and protection are under great pressure, and it is difficult to narrow the development gap with the whole country. Turn resource and environmental advantages into development advantages.