Global climate issues have a bearing on world economic development. Achieving carbon neutrality is not only an inevitable choice for sustainable development, but also a global trend. In this context, it is crucial to actively explore new carbon reduction paths. There are significant regional differences in the impact of global warming. Studies have shown that global warming has a positive impact on low-temperature areas, and the most suitable areas for economic development are gradually shifting to high-latitude areas. At the same time, the carbon emission reduction potential of low-temperature regions, especially the Arctic region, is becoming more and more prominent, and this new situation also provides a new development direction for the realization of carbon neutrality and the mitigation of climate warming. On the basis of explaining the concept and connotation of low temperature economy, focusing on Arctic shipping, building energy consumption, global energy and information Internet, data center and other industries with carbon emission reduction potential in the Arctic region, the potential and challenges of the development of low temperature economy in the Arctic are analyzed.