The digitization of the industrial chain is the foundation for the efficiency of agricultural digitization, and the rapid application of e-commerce provides new opportunities for agricultural digitization. It is of great significance to explain the laws of agricultural industrial chain digitization from the perspective of e-commerce. This article combines the application of e-commerce in agricultural management, summarizes the theoretical mechanism of e-commerce driving the digital transformation of agricultural industry chain, analyzes the evolution process of e-commerce driving the digitization of agricultural industry chain through case studies, and proposes the key factors and implementation paths of e-commerce driving the digitization of agricultural industry chain. The conclusion is that on the one hand, e-commerce drives the digitalization of the agricultural industry chain, which is an endogenous integration process of digital technology and industry chain driven by market forces starting from the operating link. E-commerce forces the digital transformation of agricultural production, processing, and circulation from the end of the industry chain upwards; On the other hand, the essential role of e-commerce in digitalization is to break information asymmetry through market demand and digital technology, forming a transparent, open, and shared view of information resources. This article mainly contributes to expanding the current research on agricultural digitization from two aspects: e-commerce and industrial chain. It points out that the essence of e-commerce driving the digitization of agricultural industrial chain is the redistribution of labor and value among agricultural entities at the industrial chain level. The goal is to promote the transformation of agricultural industrial chain into a digital ecosystem, which provides a new theoretical perspective and policy basis for understanding agricultural digitization.