From the perspective of publicity theory, a global health governance framework of public consumption, public decision-making and public benefits is established. Based on 194 countries as cases, using fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis(fsQCA) method, this paper explores three types of suitable policy schemes to promote the improvement of public benefits of health governance, and reveals the core conditions and complex interaction paths of China’s participation in global health governance with high public benefits. Main conclusions：(1) Increasing the proportion of government’s general health expenditure plays a general role in high public benefits, but does not play a significant role in China’s participation in global health governance. (2) There are three kinds of suitable options for the promotion of public benefits of national health governance, including the suitable mode of public consumption, the suitable mode of public decision-making, the suitable mode of public consumption and public decision-making. China’s participation in global health governance is the suitable mode of public consumption. (3) Key elements in China’s path to global health governance include UHC service coverage index, density of medical doctors, and amount of water-related and sanitation-related official development assistance. It is suggested to improve the systematic efficiency of China’s participation in global health governance, enhance China’s capability to participate in global health governance, and strengthen the multi-sectoral collaborative governance mechanism of China’s participation in global health governance.