Developing remanufacturing can drive carbon emission reduction, but the carbon emission reduction effects and economic impacts at different scales of the remanufacturing industry are still unclear. By introducing the remanufacturing industry as a sector into a general equilibrium model and combining it with structural path analysis, this study analyzes how remanufacturing affects carbon emissions and economic development, and quantitatively evaluates the carbon emission reduction effects and economic impacts brought about by remanufacturing. The results indicate that remanufacturing can reduce the demand for electricity production and supply, as well as metal smelting, driving a decrease in total carbon emissions of 0.02%～0.31%, but causing a slight decrease in GDP of 0.003%～0.043%. The development of local remanufacturing industries can impact the production activities of other regions through inter-regional trade, further driving carbon emission reduction in other regions. As the industry scales up, remanufacturing can create more job opportunities, but the future rise in labor costs may constrain its further development.