Utilizing 2015 and 2018 CGSS household microdata, this study constructs multiple Logit models to empirically examine the influence of resident income on the deviation from household carbon peaking. The study found that the growth of residents’ income has a significant promoting effect on both the household direct carbon peak deviation and the indirect carbon peak deviation, thereby increasing the household sector carbon peak deviation, and the lower the level of carbon peak deviation in households, the less likely it is for income growth to have an impact. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the low-carbon consumption pattern of households in the central and western regions is relatively stable, while the eastern region needs to pay attention to high carbon emission risks, and the improvement of education level can alleviate the problem of increasing household carbon peak deviation caused by the growth of residents’ income. Therefore, the Chinese government should guide and cultivate the concept of a green and frugal lifestyle among families to promote the transformation of household consumption towards green, low-carbon practices and achieve carbon peak and neutrality goals.