Talents highland is a strategic framework for the world’s important talent center and innovation highland, and also the internal requirements for the implementation of the new era talent power strategy. This study sconstructed a “motivation-process-result” logical framework, elected Silicon Valley, Tel Aviv, Zhongguancun, and Tsukuba for longitudinal multi-case study, and explored the evolution and formation process of talents highland. The research found that: (1) the evolution process of talents highland is composed of initial stage, development stage, and mature stage, and experienced dynamic change driven by competitive advantage, government intervention, and value optimality; (2) the formation mechanism of talents highland is the orderly advancement of resource aggregation mechanism, resource integration mechanism, and resource coupling mechanism, reflecting the evolution trend of key scientific and innovative talents from “developer → architect → leader”; (3) talents highland has realized the progressive evolution of “point structure-linear structure-network structure” from low to high order, and shows differentiated types such as spontaneous iterative generation mode, entrepreneurial extension generation mode, ecological expansion generation mode, and scientific research deep cultivation generation mode. This study constructed the theoretical model of the evolution process of talents highland, and explored the process, mechanism, and mode of talents highland, in order to provide useful reference for the construction of talents highland and talent platform.