The photovoltaic industry is a strategic emerging industry with international competitive advantages in China, and promoting its high-quality development is one of the important means to achieve the “3060” dual carbon goals. This article uses a two factor learning curve model and refers to the Solow residual method to measure the “learning by doing” and “learning by studying” effects of photovoltaic module technological progress from 2015 to 2020. The cost reduction of photovoltaic modules caused by the “learning by doing” effect is about 0.85 RMB/Watt, with a contribution of 42.40%; That caused by the “learning by researching” effect is 1.07 RMB/Watt, with a contribution of 57.60%.In further the driving factors of the “learning by doing” and “learning by researching” effects in the photovoltaic module are analyzed. In terms of the “learning by doing” effect, the factors driving the increase in production of the photovoltaic modules were discussed by using literature analysis method from two dimensions: supply side and demand side; In terms of the “learning by researching” effect, the knowledge production function is used to analyze the impact of two direct factors, R&D capital investment and human investment, on the technical progress rate of the photovoltaic modules. The results indicate that there is a phenomenon of diminishing marginal returns in photovoltaic module R&D capital investment, while the marginal returns in R&D manpower investment increase. On this basis, the policy implications of the research results were analyzed.