Currently, research on corporate social responsibility (CSR) in enterprises is showing a trend of shifting from macro-level domains to micro-level areas such as employees’ individual perceptions. This study, through the adoption of questionnaire surveys, collected a total of 219 valid questionnaires and found that the greater alignment between employees’ social CSR perception and environmental CSR perception, the higher the level of their green behavior in the workplace. Job significance plays an intermediary role, while employees’ green values function as a regulatory mechanism. The conclusions of this study are expected to provide a reference for CSR practices in the context of enterprises’ green development.