Climate change has brought about a profound impact on marine fishery resources, leading to increasing and complex disputes among States over the allocation, harvesting and regulation of marine fishery resources. The natural compromising nature of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea makes it difficult to respond to marine fisheries disputes in the context of climate change, and there is an urgent need to further improve the current system for the settlement of marine fisheries disputes. China’s active participation in adapting to and resolving marine fisheries disputes in the context of climate change is of great significance to the promotion of global fisheries governance and the building of a maritime community with a shared future.