As China’s economy shifts from high-speed growth to high-quality development, comprehensive innovation with scientific and technological innovation as the core has become a key driving force to promote high-quality development. The improvement of the intellectual property system plays a vital role in supporting comprehensive innovation with scientific and technological innovation as the core. Firstly, the basic connotation and theoretical basis of the intellectual property system to promote the comprehensive innovation of science and technology were explained. Secondly, the necessity and feasibility of constructing the intellectual property system to support comprehensive innovation of science and technology were analyzed. Thirdly, the objectives and main contents of establishing an intellectual property system to support comprehensive innovation in science and technology were clarified. In terms of goals, the intellectual property system supporting comprehensive innovation in science and technology should meet the needs of scientific and technological revolution, enable the development of new quality productivity, empower the national scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement, and enhance national strategic scientific and technological strength. In terms of main contents, the role of the intellectual property system in comprehensive technological innovation under the new situation should be interpreted from the two aspects: supporting high-level self-reliance and self-improvement and improving high-quality open innovation. Finally, relevant suggestions were put forward to support the intellectual property system from the construction focus, implementation path and safeguard measures, aiming to support the comprehensive innovation of science and technology.