The future industry has profoundly transformed the value creation model, market organizational structure, and industrial operation mode. While impacting the current tax governance system, it also provides new opportunities for deconstructing and reshaping the tax governance system. This article is based on the foundation theories of tax economics, starting from theories of resource allocation, labor value,social division of labor, and industrial chain, to elaborate on the changes in tax sources,value structures, tax subjects, and focal points of taxation triggered by new quality productive forces. Furthermore, by establishing a logical framework of future industrial tax governance with the logic chain of “value rationality-instrumental technology-organizational structure-integration and embedding”, it systematically outlines the practical logic of tax governance. From four aspects: Enhancing the quality and effectiveness of the combination of tax and industrial policies, promoting people-centered tax governance cooperation, advancing the deep integration development of the “four chains”, and consolidating the foundation of future industrial tax governance, a future industrial tax governance plan is constructed to provide reference for the tax governance of future industries in China.