Enhancing financial resilience is an important dimension in accelerating the construction of China’s financial power, and the improvement of digital financial literacy provides strong support for coping with the impact of major risk challenges, maintaining economic and financial stability, and improving the financial security governance system. This paper derives the mechanism of digital financial literacy based on the household life cycle theory, takes welfare as the entry point, utilizes data from the China Household Finance Survey, adopts the generalized method of moments (GMM) to dynamically assess the household financial resilience, and empirically examines whether and how digital financial literacy can affect the household financial resilience against external uncertainty shocks. The study finds that digital financial literacy can significantly enhance household financial resilience; by alleviating liquidity constraints, increasing risk-taking, and promoting wealth accumulation, digital financial literacy building contributes to household financial resilience. Further analysis shows that digital financial literacy has a stronger positive effect on household financial resilience in the central and western regions, and that demographic characteristics can play a moderating role. This study has important reference value for enhancing the level of household financial resilience in the era of digital economy, strengthening the construction of digital financial literacy, promoting the high-quality development of the economy, and improving the national financial security governance system.