The high-level development of new urban public cultural spaces is related to the fulfillment of residents’ cultural needs and the goal of high-quality development of public cultural services. Based on the framework of cultural scene, this study uses case induction method and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method to analyze elements and their coupling modes for the construction of new urban public cultural spaces. It is found that the construction of this kind of spaces is influenced by service facilities, diverse organizations, unique activities, openness attributes and local policies, and shows two basic patterns: open co-construction model and facility-driven model. Through the examination of practical cases, it is possible to establish a logical correlation between the elements of space construction and the positive effects, thus promoting the long-term development of new public cultural spaces in cities.