SRDI “little giant” enterprises are important vital catalysts for the high-quality economic development of our country. This study applies QCA and NCA methods to explore the complex, concurrent causal relationships that affect the high-quality development of SRDI “little giant” enterprises, as well as the intrinsic “Trait-Ability-Behavior” driving logic model, by constructing a theoretical model based on the TOE framework and the theory of resource orchestration. The study finds that corporate financial resources are a necessary condition for the high-quality development of SRDI “little giant” enterprises. Under the joint influence of six antecedent conditions, three configurational paths that promote the high-quality development of SRDI “little giant” enterprises are formed. The “Trait-Ability-Behavior” model, based on the theory of resource orchestration, further reveals that the intrinsic driving logic of the three high-quality development configurational paths differs. The conclusions of this study help to unveil the complex mechanisms by which multiple concurrent factors affect the high-quality development of SRDI “little giant” enterprises, and provide theoretical and practical insights for SMEs to pursue high-quality development paths and for government support of high-quality enterprises.