Strategic minerals are the critical material basis for energy transition and the development of cutting-edge technologies. Global competition is becoming increasingly fierce. The United States and Western countries can ensure the security of the industrial chain and supply chain of strategic minerals by building mineral alliances and technology alliances, which may reshape the original cooperation pattern and further increase the risk of resources in China. In order to quantitatively assess the global power distribution of strategic mineral resources and China’s position, this paper establishes the strategic mineral resources influence evaluation index system, and takes copper, aluminum, lithium, cobalt, nickel, rare earth and other examples to evaluate the influence of major strategic mineral resources demand countries and resource suppliers. The results show that from the perspective of a single country, China has the advantage of influence, taking an absolute leading position in the influence of resources and technology, and forming a “double superiority” pattern with the United States in the influence of capital and trade. If the United States and the West form an alliance, China’s original advantageous position will face threats, such as the resource influence of copper compared to a single developed country has no advantage, the trade influence of all minerals is greatly behind, the capital influence is only the advantage of rare earth, the technological influence of cobalt, lithium, nickel, neodymium advantages can be maintained, but aluminum is greatly behind. If the US-Western alliance uses this imbalance of influence to hinder China’s resource acquisition and technical cooperation, and redistribute strategic mineral resources, it will exacerbate the vulnerability of China’s strategic mineral industrial chain and supply chain.