This article focuses on a new perspective of relative poverty assessment under the strategy of common prosperity and poverty alleviation, pointing out the limitations of traditional one-dimensional income measurement methods in reflecting the full picture of relative poverty, and emphasizing the need for internationalization of assessment standards. By integrating China’s actual situation with the experience of international organizations, this study innovatively explores multiple relative poverty measurement systems, using data from the six phases of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) from 2010 to 2020 and household micro-survey data from the United States, Japan, South Korea, and Australia to construct a joint distribution of household Income, consumption and Wealth (ICW), and conduct indicator calculations and cross-national comparisons. The results show that using multiple standards can deeply reveal the true face of extreme relative poverty groups, which account for about one-fifth of the number identified by traditional methods, and face more urgent assistance needs. At the time point, the growth of multiple poverty rates has been controlled when China eliminated absolute poverty; in terms of urban-rural differences, stabilizing the urban-rural migrant population is the key to alleviating the widening gap in relative poverty. These findings provide strong data support and strategic inspiration for the government to formulate and optimize policies to consolidate poverty alleviation results in the future.