To bridge the gap between technological innovation and socio-economic development while accelerating the cultivation of new quality productive forces, we must promote the deep integration of innovation chain, industrial chain, fund chain, and talent chain. Four-chain integration is a further understanding of the deep integration of science and technology and economy. The level of four-chain integration is the sum of the resource allocation efficiency of each link in the process of the integration of capital and talent elements in innovation chain and the industrial chain, which reflects the coordination and integration degree of each subject and element in the innovation system. By dividing the process of four-chain integration into scientific innovation link, technological innovation link, technology transfer link and business incubation link, and the final link of integration promoting economic and social development, this paper systematically measures the four-chain integration level of various regions in China from 2014 to 2021 by using the three-stage super-efficient EBM model and the Global-EBM-Malmquist index, and uses BMA to analyze the key influencing factors from four aspects: innovation environment, structure composition of four chains, innovation ecology and industrial development level. It is found that the level of four-chain integration in China has been greatly improved as a whole; Digitalization level, technology service level and manufacturing development level are the key factors to promote the integration of the four chains. The research results form a more accurate support for formulating countermeasures and suggestions to promote the integration of the four chains.