Urban community is the basic unit of national governance. How to improve the effectiveness of community governance is the realistic basis for realizing the modernization of national governance. Based on the field investigation of H community in Wuhan City, it is found that endogenous social organizations and communities, based on common ideas and goals, conduct effective communication, negotiation and game to reach governance consensus and form a good interactive and cooperative governance model. This paper uses David Easton’s political system analysis model to examine the interactive game process and operation logic between endogenous social organizations and communities, and then reveals the interaction pattern between state and society from the micro level. The research finds that the systematic interaction between endogenous social organizations and communities breaks the traditional prescriptive dependency relationship to a certain extent. The two rebuild the emotional connection of the community in the process of interconnection and interaction, achieve functional complementarity and jointly produce public services in the interaction and cooperation, form an interdependent governance structure, and improve the efficiency of community governance. This provides a possible theoretical perspective on how to construct an effective government-community cooperative governance practice and theory under the background of national governance modernization, and also provides a useful theoretical reference for improving the social governance system.