The construction of China’s strategic hinterland is China’s profound considerations of balancing development and security and building up a great country and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation since into a new era. This paper summaries current research results by the evolutionary context of hinterland to economic hinterland to strategic hinterland，and then reviews the historical process and main inspirations of the construction of the national strategic hinterland after the founding of the People’s Republic of China，and reveals the scientific connotation of the national strategic hinterland by analyzing its characteristics and the criteria for defining spatial scope from the view of location-function-destination.The theoretical logic of the construction of China’s strategic hinterland in the new era lies in balancing development and security and creating the new development paradigm and promoting the coordinated development of regional economies and advancing Chinese path to modernization. The construction of the national strategic hinterland in the new era should take the holistic approach to national security as fundamental guidance and explore and strengthen the path of practice such as key industry backup and technological innovation and strategic material reserve and opening up and building a solid ecological barrier.