The integrated circuit (IC) industry is a vital pillar of the national economy, characterized by high technology, high investment, and high risk. This paper addresses the “supply chain disruption” risks arising from the insufficient resilience of the current IC industry chain. It constructs an evaluation system for the resilience of the IC industry chain, incorporating three dimensions: resistance absorption, adjustment adaptability, and recovery renewal capacity, with 9 secondary indicators and 29 tertiary indicators. The Structural Equation Model (SEM) is applied to quantify the weights of the indicators and reveal the intrinsic correlations among the dimensions. Additionally, the Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation method is employed, with the Jiangbei New District of Nanjing used as an empirical case to assess the resilience of its industry chain. The study shows that the overall resilience of Jiangbei New District’s IC industry chain is good, with the recovery renewal capacity significantly outperforming the resistance absorption and adjustment adaptability, aligning with the region’s innovation-driven development status. This model breaks through traditional methods that rely on data variability and subjective judgment, achieving objective assignment of indicator weights and scientific classification of resilience levels through the SEM-Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation integration method, providing theoretical tools and practical paradigms for dynamic monitoring and precise enhancement of industry chain resilience.